In 1804, it was included in Alta California province within the Viceroyalty of New Spain.
European exploration in the 16th and 17th centuries led to the colonization of California by the Spanish Empire. Prior to European colonization, California was one of the most culturally and linguistically diverse areas in pre-Columbian North America and contained the highest Native American population density north of what is now Mexico. Slightly over 84 percent of the state's residents hold a high school degree, the lowest high school education rate of all 50 states. The San Francisco Bay Area Combined Statistical Area had the nation's highest gross domestic product per capita ($106,757) among large primary statistical areas in 2018, and is home to five of the world's ten largest companies by market capitalization and four of the world's ten richest people. The Greater Los Angeles area and the San Francisco area are the nation's second- and fourth-largest urban economies ($1.0 trillion and $0.6 trillion respectively as of 2020 ), following the New York metropolitan area's $1.8 trillion. If California were a sovereign nation, it would rank as the world's fifth-largest economy as of 2022, behind India and ahead of the United Kingdom, as well as the 37th most populous. It is the largest sub-national economy in the world. California borders Oregon to the north, Nevada and Arizona to the east, the Mexican state of Baja California to the south and it has a coastline along the Pacific Ocean to the west.Ĭalifornia's economy is the largest of any state within the United States, with a $3.37 trillion gross state product (GSP) as of 2022. Los Angeles County is the country's most populous, while San Bernardino County is the largest county by area in the country. San Francisco is the second most densely populated major city in the country. Sacramento is the state's capital, while Los Angeles is the most populous city in the state and the second most populous city in the country. The Greater Los Angeles and San Francisco Bay areas are the nation's second and fifth most populous urban regions respectively, with the former having more than 18.7 million residents and the latter having over 9.6 million.
It is also the most populated subnational entity in North America and the 34th most populous in the world. With nearly 39.2 million residents across a total area of approximately 163,696 square miles (423,970 km 2), it is the most populous U.S. California is a state in the Western United States, located along the Pacific Coast.
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